CXCL12 and neoplasm: SDF-1 expression was similar in patients with different ages, menopausal statuses, tumor stages, and Ki67 levels; however, high expression of SDF-1 was observed in patients with low levels of TILs (mean level 376.3 ± 188.1 vs. 315.3 ± 182.7, P=0.0048) and in patients with high expression of CXCR4 (mean level 295.4 ± 161.3 vs. 383.6 ± 195.7, P<0.001).