CALR and systemic lupus erythematosus: It was reported that over 88% of SLE patients showed at least one SLE autoantibody-positive test (e.g. aANA, antiphospholipid, anti-Ro, anti-La, anti-Sm, anti-nuclear ribonucleoprotein and anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibodies) before the diagnosis of SLE (up to 9.4 years earlier; mean, 3.3 years) (114).