Interestingly, co-culture experiments of sorted human ILCs from NSCLCs and lung cancer cells demonstrated that IL-23-induced conversion of ILC1s to ILC3s leads to IL-17-mediated tumor growth and expansion in the tumor microenvironment, indicating that the IL-23/ILC3/IL-17 axis may be a potential target to treat IL23-producing lung cancers (53) (Figure 2). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and lung carcinoma.