It has been demonstrated that IL-23 binds to IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) on ILC3s, which promotes the secretion of IL-17, inducing tumor development in the proximal duodenum, probably driven by NCR+ILC3s (IL-23R+Thy1+NKp46+CD3-) as they are expanded. This evidence concerns the gene NCR1 and neoplasm.