CD103+ CD4+ T cells exhibit an immunosuppressive phenotype and high retention capacity in GC tumor tissues, leading to CD8 + T cell dysfunction, and granzyme B (GZMB), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and perforin (PRF-1) reduction (21). Here, PRF1 is linked to neoplasm.