Genetic polymorphisms of genes coding key cytokines and chemokines, such as factor for monocyte differentiation (macrophage colony-stimulating factor, M-CSF), factors for monocyte recruitment (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 or CCL2), CCR5 and CXCR4), are associated with breast, endometrial, oral, lung, prostate and bladder cancers (56–62). The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is urinary bladder carcinoma.