PROS1 and infection: This was advantageous for the purpose of this study, since the presence of variability precipitated by age, gender, and previous infections in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived macrophages might have hindered our analysis of the intrinsic pathogenic role of the S protein, although, one might argue that such variability is essential to understanding the pathogenicity in the context of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in different populations.