PTPN12 and central nervous system cancer: Taking PTPN12 as an example, due to the significant correlation with cancer progression (40), we validated the potential function in glioma using GSEA and observed that PTPN12 contributed to several oncogenic pathways (Figure 3C), including PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling, and TNFα signaling (Figures 3D–F).