When infected with RV 16, the expression levels of TLR3, RIG-I, and MDA5 mRNA and protein tended to increase over time in both groups of epithelial cells and reached peak levels at 48 h post-infection, showing a similar pattern to that of RV16 replication (Figure 4 and Supplementary Figures 6, 7). The gene discussed is IFIH1; the disease is infection.