We previously reported decreased expression levels of IFN-β, -λ1, and -λ2, and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) including viperin, Myxovirus resistance (Mx), and oligoadenylate synthase (OAS) in CRS, suggesting that they may contribute to deficient antiviral innate responses in CRS (18). Here, SMOC1 is linked to congenital rubella syndrome.