SLC1A3 and epilepsy: Furthermore, Devinsky et al. (2013) and Todd and Hardingham (2020) evaluated the role of glia-induced hyper-excitability and inflammation in epilepsy and revealed that GLT-1 and GLAST (human forms: excitatory amino acid transporters 1 and 2, respectively) expression are downregulated in astrocytes in epilepsy.