The values of GFAP, GDNF, and FABP-2 (median and range) in the group with NEC were higher than those in the group without NEC in both the first samples {GFAP [1.40 (0.20–6.50) vs. 0.30 (0.10–1.30) P = 0.014], GDNF [2.84 (1.05–14.11) vs. 1.56 (1.07–3.48) P = 0.050], and FABP-2 [621.70 (278.40–2,207.00) vs. 294.20 (211.40–597.50) P = 0.002]} and second samples {GFAP [2.40 (0.30–3.10) vs. 0.30 (0.10–0.60) P = 0.003], GDNF [2.99 (0.56–10.30) vs. 1.46 (0.85–2.24) P = 0.019], and FABP-2 [646.8 (179.20–1,571.00) vs. 314.90 (184.70–521.60) P = 0.040]}. Here, GDNF is linked to necrotizing enterocolitis.