In the first sample, the median (range) values of GFAP [1.40 (0.20–6.50) vs. 0.30 (0.10–1.30) P = 0.014], GDNF [2.84 (1.05–14.11) vs. 1.56 (1.07–3.48) P = 0.050], and FABP-2 [621.70 (278.40–2,207.00) vs. 294.20 (211.40–597.50) P = 0.002] in the group with NEC were significantly higher than those in the group without NEC. This evidence concerns the gene GDNF and necrotizing enterocolitis.