HPSE and neoplasm: Heparanase 1 (HPSE1) is an endo-β-D-glucuronidase with endoglycosidase activity capable of cleaving heparan sulfate (HS), leading to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in various physiological and pathological processes and regulating the release of various HS-linked molecules, such as cytokines and enzymes involved in inflammation, wound healing, and tumor invasion (Dempsey et al., 2000; Parish et al., 2001; Jin and Zhou, 2017).