BMI1 and cancer: So far, a total of 15 genes out of 21 (UBE2N, PPP2R1B, CACNA1C, AP2B1, NCOA2, RAC1, MED1, PLOD2, GNA13, AFDN, CCND2, BMI1, PLCB1, DNMT3A and SKP2) have been associated to tumors of the female or male reproductive tracts (cervical carcinoma, ovarian, endometrial, prostate, and testicular cancers (Tables 4 and 5), in addition to other types of cancers or diseases.