Loss of IL-4 promotes the M1 phenotype in microglia/macrophages after ischemic stroke and exacerbates long-term sensorimotor dysfunction as well as cognitive deficits after ischemia, while infusion of IL-4 into the cerebroventricular after ischemic stroke improves neurological functions (Liu et al., 2016). The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is ischemia.