AKT1 and cholestasis: Studies on the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of PRR in the treatment of cholestasis have been conducted from the perspective of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation and revealed that PRR may alleviate cholestasis by activating Nrf2 via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and by regulating the NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway (Ma et al., 2015; Ma et al., 2018).