Non-flavonoid Phenolic Compounds: Curcumin inhibited the growth of human esophageal cancer Ec109 cells via activating the AMPK signaling pathway, which in turn reduced the mRNA and protein expressions of GLUT4, HK2, PFKFB3 and PKM2, hence reduced the Warburg Effect of Ec109 cells (Zhang et al., 2015). Here, PKM is linked to esophageal cancer.