VEGFA and neoplasm: Studies (Kudo, 2019; Young et al., 2022) have shown that the application of lenvatinib before TACE treatment may normalize the tumor vasculature, thus improving the efficacy of the intraoperative chemotherapeutic delivery in TACE, and the continued application of lenvatinib after surgery may inhibit the expression of VEGF and angiopoietin-2, thus synergistically enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of TACE.