Lactobacillus have been used widely in foods and probiotic products and showed beneficial effects (58), however, upregulated inflammatory cytokines were also significantly increased in Lactobacillus-treated mice, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-1β (59), therefore, the specific role of Lactobacillus in DKD needs to be further studied. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and diabetic kidney disease.