A study of patients with cryptococcal meningitis reported that a CSF proinflammatory response consists of an interplay of Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-6), Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) and Th17 cytokines (IL-17A) and has been shown to be highly predictive of increased macrophage activation, rapid infection clearance and consequently improved survival (Jarvis et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and infection.