IL4 and infection: A study of patients with cryptococcal meningitis reported that a CSF proinflammatory response consists of an interplay of Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-6), Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) and Th17 cytokines (IL-17A) and has been shown to be highly predictive of increased macrophage activation, rapid infection clearance and consequently improved survival (Jarvis et al., 2015).