In a matched case-control study (677 adenoma cases and 691 controls), BER gene SNPs (although the SNPs investigated were not the same as those in our study) were estimated to be potential effect modifiers of the associations of colorectal adenoma with smoking (MUTYH Pinteraction = 0.002, OGG1 Pinteraction = 0.01, and FEN1 Pinteraction = 0.01), alcohol (LIG3 Pinteraction = 0.02), and dietary folate (LIG3 Pinteraction = 0.02) (Corral et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene LIG3 and colorectal adenoma.