Some mechanisms for hypoxia-inducing EMT in gliomas have been recognized; for example, VEGF inhibitor therapy will activate c-Met and upregulate Snail and N-cadherin (28), and HIF-1α can upregulate Zeb2, which will downregulate EphrinB2, an invasion-inhibitory receptor in gliomas (62). Here, VEGFA is linked to central nervous system cancer.