Numerous studies have shown that various classic signaling pathways, including VHL/HIF1α (38), PI3K/Akt/mTOR (39), HGF/met (40), MAPK (41) and Wnt/β- Catenin (42), are implicated in the promotion of ccRCC. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.