SPP1 and colorectal carcinoma: Fourteen genes associated with OS of patients with CRC were selected (p < 0.1), with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), and butyrylcholinesterase as risk factors for CRC prognosis [hazard ratio (HR) > 1], and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-3, MMP1, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)-1, CXCL3, CD177, carbonic anhydrase (CA)-2, S100 calcium-binding protein P (S100P), CA4, nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2, and CXCL8 as protective factors for CRC prognosis (HR < 1) (Table 3).