The TGFβ target gene, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPARδ) seems to play a crucial role in regulating TGFβ paradox in PCa, thus PPARδ repression increases the inhibitory effect of TGFβ on tumor cells, while PPARδ induction promotes TGFβ pro-tumoral functions (Figure 1A) [24]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.