However, toll-like receptors (TLRs, TLR3, and TLR8), interferon regulator factors (IRFs, IRF3, and IRF7), most of the cytokines (CXCL10, CCR5, CCL2, CCL8, AMCF-II), ISGs (such as ISG15, ISG20, GBP1, GVIN1, RTP4, NMI, PARP9, IFIT1, IFITM3, OAS1, RSAD2, and BST2), antigen processing and presentation associated genes (including SLA-DMA1, SLA-DRB1, TAP1, TAP2, PSMB8, PSMB9) presented lower transcription levels in the comparison of the YC-2020 and JXA1 groups, and fold change of the above genes expanded along with the infection duration (Figure 5C; Supplementary Table 4). Here, ISG15 is linked to infection.