However, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy resulting from HRas mutation associated with chronic constitutively activated Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway and pathological hypertrophy leads to apoptosis (60), similar to the phenotype seen in TetO-HRas; Myh6-tTA mice used in this study. The gene discussed is MAP2K7; the disease is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.