When ApoE−/− mice were treated with A. muciniphila for 8 weeks after consuming a western-type diet, their lipid metabolism did not change, but the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in the aorta decreased, and infiltration of macrophages into aortic atherosclerosis decreased (7, 32). This evidence concerns the gene APOE and aortic atherosclerosis.