CD38 and myeloid leukemia: We proved that the CD123 antigen was highly expressed across the different stages of myeloid leukaemia differentiation, including the most mature CD38+ CD34− leukaemic cells (mean of %CD123 positive cells: 57.8 ± 24.5, Fig. 1A, Additional file 1: Fig. S1), the intermediate CD38+ CD34+ leukaemic cells (mean of %CD123 positive cells: 72.37 ± 26.9, Fig. 1A, Additional file 1: Fig. S1), and the undifferentiated CD38− CD34+ leukaemic cells (mean of %CD123 positive cells: 52.3 ± 33.2, Fig. 1A, Additional file 1: Fig. S1).