The growing number of indications of anti-TNF-α agents in the pediatric age group, the rising incidence of IBD in newly-industrialized countries [29], the availability of affordable and therapeutically equivalent biosimilars, and the recent inclusion of anti-TNF-α drugs into the WHO Essential Medicines for Children List for the treatment of JIA and Crohn’s disease (available at: https://list.essentialmeds.org/) make a sustained global increase in the use of those drugs in children and adolescents likely, including in regions with high TB prevalence. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Crohn disease.