Statistically significant variables from the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, which showed that anemia (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.16–3.28; P = 0.0123), baseline Alb < 30 g/L (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.17–2.23; P = 0.0034), use of antibiotics (OR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.10–5.95; P = 0.0288), use of diuretics (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.12–2.73; P = 0.0132), use of NSAIDs (OR: 3.12; 95% CI: 1.96–4.97; P < 0.001), and use of PPIs (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.17–3.66; P = 0.0124) were independent risk factors for the development of AKI (Table 2) (Fig. 4). The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is anemia (phenotype).