In the recent analysis from Jiang and collaborators, the most frequent mutated genes found in Chinese CCA patients were TP53 (41.27%, 26/63), KRAS (31.75%, 20/63), ARID1A and IDH1 (15.87%, 10/63, for both), SMAD4 (14.29%, 9/63), FGFR2 and BAP1 (12.70%, 8/63, for both) and CDKN2A (11.11%, 7/63)19. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD4 and cholangiocarcinoma.