It has been shown that interleukin-12 has anti-angiogenic properties by lowering the concentrations of MMP9 and VEGFA throughout the bloodstream [228]. Zheng and colleagues mixed IL-12 with PLGA nanomaterials and showed that this combination was more effective in inhibiting the expression of MMP9 and VEGFA in the diabetic retinopathy mouse model and endothelial cells of rats. Here, VEGFA is linked to diabetic retinopathy.