Here, we found that OLP-MSCs have anti-inflammatory effects via the reduction of Th1 cytokine levels (TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1β) and elevation of Th2 cytokine levels (IL-10 and IL-13) through direct cell‒cell contact in inflammatory conditions, which may be one of the key mechanisms of MSC immunomodulatory effects in OLP. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is oral lichen planus.