TGFB1 and cancer: Moreover, we focused on the crosstalk between each CAF state with the epithelia clusters exhibited similarities across cancer types (i.e., E3, E5, E8, E9, E10, and E13) (Supplementary Fig. S5e), a series of ligand-receptor pairs were identified, which are involved in cancer related pathways, including EGFR (e.g., EGFR_TGFB1), NOTCH (e.g., JAG1_NOTCH2/3), WNT pathways (e.g., FZD6_WNT5A) (Supplementary Fig. S5f).