The distinct transcriptional profiles of TECs and NECs were identified, including TEC significantly upregulated genes involved in the insulin response (e.g., INSR and IGFBPs), MAPK regulators (e.g., SPRY1), and immunoglobulins (e.g., CD320 and IGHG4)27,28 (Fig. 1j), suggesting the possible role of TECs in angiogenesis, tumor growth, and immune modulation. This evidence concerns the gene IGHG4 and neoplasm.