Specifically, according to canonical markers34–36 (Fig. 2d), the three quantity-predominant major components (i.e., c1, c2, and c4) were defined as cancer-associated myofibroblasts (CAFmyo), inflammatory CAFs (CAFinfla), and adipogenic CAFs (CAFadi) by over-presenting ACTA2, FAP/TGFB1, and CFD, respectively (Fig. 2d and Supplementary Fig. S3d). Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.