SMC5 and microcephaly: To investigate the two principal underlying causes of microcephaly, slowed cell cycle progression and/or increased apoptosis in the developing brain2,26–28, fixed whole-mount slf2 and smc5 depleted zebrafish embryos were stained with markers of cell cycle stage (G2/M: phospho-histone H3 serine-10) and apoptosis (TUNEL).