The other loci with suggestive associations with SLE-ESRD have previously been related to type 1 diabetes-related ESRD (AFF3, AF4/FMR2 family member 3),36 type 2 diabetes (THADA, THADA armadillo repeat containing)37 and potassium channels (GRK5, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5)38 (online supplemental table S1C). Here, AFF1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.