PDCD1 and HIV infectious disease: In summary, we show that HIV infection enriches for a CD8+ TRM-like phenotype located outside the GCs in human tonsils collected from PLWH in HIV endemic areas in South Africa and that the HIV specific tonsil CD8+ T-cells match a non-vascular transcriptional programme (60) with high levels of PD-1 and exhaustive transcriptional signatures linked to expanded clonotypes.