In addition to its physiological roles, the LIF/LIFR axis has been broadly discussed in the context of chronic inflammation, including chronic airway inflammation (Knight, 2001), cutaneous inflammation (Zhu et al., 2001), neuroinflammation (Linker et al., 2008; Pan et al., 2008), and cancer-associated inflammation (Christianson et al., 2021), mostly as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. The gene discussed is LIF; the disease is cancer.