TNF and periodontitis: For instance, CCL3L1 (in NK cells), which enhances the inflammatory response and increases the risk of autoimmune disease [31], S100A12 (in mDCs), which is a valuable serum inflammatory marker [32], TNFRSF1B (in mDCs), which regulates TNF-α levels [33], and CCR7 (in Th17 cells), which promotes joint inflammation [34], were found to be highly expressed in patients with periodontitis.