The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma lyso-Gb1 and therapeutic goals for GD (improvements in hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, bone pain, and bone crisis), as well as disease type and GBA1 mutation type, in Japanese patients with GD receiving velaglucerase alfa, an enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). This evidence concerns the gene GBA1 and anemia.