Due to the role of XIAP in preventing cell death, over-expression of XIAP can enhance cell tolerance to external and internal apoptotic stimuli [37], and dysregulation of XIAP has been shown to contribute toward the progression of multiple cancers, including bladder [38–40], breast [41–43], ovarian [44–46], lung [47–49], colon [50–52], and prostate [53–56]. Here, XIAP is linked to cancer.