For example, in Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Virus (KRAS) mutated cancer cells, it was shown that the Aα-R183W mutation potentiates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway signaling through increased phosphorylation of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 1⁄2 (ERK1/2) (63). This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and cancer.