Other studies of patients with LD have shown similar findings as seen in Cohort 2, with upregulation of T-cell specific mediators, where the T-cell chemoattractants CXCL9, CXCL10 and CCL19 were significantly elevated in serum during an ongoing infection, but largely returned to normal levels following treatment [31]. The gene discussed is CXCL9; the disease is infection.