Furthermore, in rats with ISO-induced heart failure, pyroptosis and inflammatory responses were exacerbated, including increases in GSDMD, cleaved GSDMD, caspase 1, cleaved caspase 1, and IL-1β by 1.56- (P<0.05), 2.87- (P<0.001), 2.14- (P<0.01), 2.67- (P<0.01), and 7.11-fold (P<0.001), respectively. Here, GSDMD is linked to heart failure.