Many studies have indicated that tumour cells can promote M2 polarisation of TAMs inducing the upregulation of chemokines, cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases associated with tumour promotion, such as: TNF-α, MMP-1,-2,-7,-9,-14, VEGF-B,-C, and CSF-1 (179, 182, 183). The gene discussed is VEGFB; the disease is neoplasm.