Compared with microglia, astrocytes have low basal mRNA levels of PRRs and ISGs, and poorly induced Ifn-β mRNA following infection, but the upregulated various mRNAs in the IFN-α/β pathway of astrocytes to a higher extent than microglia, suggesting that the response of astrocytes to infection is delayed but stronger compared with that of microglia (114). Here, IFNB1 is linked to infection.