The human IFIT gene family generally consists of four members: IFIT1, IFIT2 (ISG54, p54), IFIT3 (ISG60, p60), and IFIT5 (ISG58, p58), whereas the mouse IFIT gene family encodes for three relevant genes: IFIT1, IFIT2 and IFIT3 (ISG49, p49), which are induced during IFN signaling pathway, viral infection or other PAMP recognition and have critical roles in host antiviral defense (159, 160). Here, IFIT5 is linked to viral infectious disease.