It is also important to consider that HLA-C, the most recently evolved class I locus (only present in humans and great apes (14)), although expressed on the cell surface about ten times lower than HLA-A and B, represents a potentially particular target for the mechanisms put in place by viral infections, acting as a ligand for both T cell receptors and NK cell receptors (15, 16). Here, HLA-C is linked to viral infectious disease.