A study in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages from a human monocyte leukaemia cell line revealed that caffeine inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and thus decreased the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 by suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinase/NF-κB signalling and adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR)-associated reactive oxygen species production (16). This evidence concerns the gene ADORA2A and leukemia.