STAT1 and infection: As mentioned above, potential candidates, including baicalin (Jiang et al., 2022), dihydroartemisinin (Du et al., 2021a), kahweol (Chen et al., 2021b), and Yu-Ping-Feng decoction (Zhou et al., 2021), exerted their anti-cancer and anti-infection properties through upregulating cell apoptosis and reinforcing immune system via activating STAT1 signaling, which caused high levels of apoptotic proteins, that is, caspases and enhanced the expression of immune cells, such as T cells and B cells.