TGFB1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: TGF-β inhibitors mainly target the serine/threonine kinase domain of TGF-β receptor 1; for instance, galunisertib in vivo in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors can significantly inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer and enhance the antitumor M1 macrophage infiltration in the TME (92, 93).