Compared with patients with an NLR of < 2.15, those with an NLR of ≥ 2.15 were more likely to have higher levels of CA19-9 and CEA, larger tumour diameters, multiple tumours, lymph-node metastasis, vascular invasion, and more advanced tumours at TNM stage III/IV (Table 1). Here, CEACAM5 is linked to neoplasm.